Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim
(Bactrim®, Septra®)
Antibiotic, Sulfonamide Derivative
Mechanism of Action
SMX inhibits folic acid synthesis, therefore bacteria that must synthesize folic acid are inhibited; TMP also inhibits folic acid synthesis (via inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase), and is considered bacteriostatic (inhibits bacterial growth).
Therapeutic Uses
FDA approved for PCP treatment and prophylaxis and other bacterial infections.
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Image: Pneumocystis Pneumonia | Image: Pneumocystis PneumoniaAdverse Drug Events
- GI intolerance, rash,
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
- blood dyscrasia (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia),
- headache,
- insomnia,
- fatigue,
-
muscle weakness.
Drug-Drug Interactions
Coumadin (may increase INR, pro-time).
Dosage Forms
Dosage and Administration
Dose for PCP prophylaxis is one single strength tablet.
Q Monday-Wednesday-Friday, or as directed by the transplant physician. Injection diluted in D5W only and infused for 60 to 90 minutes.
Compatibilities/Special Administration Techniques
None.
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