• What is Patella Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) and what causes it? • What are the symptoms of PFPS? • Who gets PFPS? • How is PFPS diagnosed? • How long does PFPS last? • What is the treatment for PFPS? • Is PFPS permanent?

What is Patella Femoral Pain Syndrome and what causes it?
 
Patella Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a condition of the kneecap characterized by a rough or soft spot on its cartilage surface. In the past, it has been called chondromalacia patella, runner’s knee, or dashboard knee. 

PFPS may be caused by a structural defect, or a certain way of walking or running. Other causes may include the following:

• a kneecap that is located too high in the knee joint
• weak thigh muscles
• tight hamstrings
• tight Achilles tendons
• walking or running with the feet rolling in, while the thigh muscles pull the kneecap outward

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What are the symptoms of PFPS?
 
The following are the most common symptoms of PFPS. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• pain in and around the kneecap that may be felt with activity, or even after prolonged sitting or squatting with the knees bent, occasionally resulting in weakness or feelings of instability
• going up and down stairs is a bit difficult
• rubbing, grinding, or clicking sound of the kneecap that can be heard at times when the knee is bent and straightened
• the knee “gives out” or pops loudly
• kneecap is tender to the touch

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Who gets PFPS?
 
Many people may have PFPS, but only about 10 percent have a long-lasting pain or disability because of it — a fact not clearly understood by the medical profession. Over-activity, excess weight or injury sometimes initiate the symptoms. This condition is often seen in adolescents, manual laborers and athletes.

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How is PFPS diagnosed?
 
Cartilage contains no calcium and as a result, cannot be seen by ordinary X-rays. A patient’s history and a physical examination suggest the diagnosis. If there is any doubt, we will suggest arthroscopy to look behind the kneecap and check to see that there is no other injury or abnormality.

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How long does PFPS last?
 
It may last several months, but fortunately, is usually a self-limiting problem. If you are born with an abnormal kneecap, it may last indefinitely. You may even need an operation to correct it, though this is unusual.

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What is the treatment for PFPS?
 
Specific treatment for PFPS will be determined by your physician based on:

• your age, overall health, and medical history
• extent of the injury
• your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• expectations for the course of the injury
• your opinion or preference

The best course of treatment for runner's knee is to stop running until running can resume without pain. Other treatment may include:

• stretch exercises
• strengthening exercises
• arch support in shoes

Small doses of anti-inflammatory medicines can often decrease swelling, stiffness and pain. Other treatments may include injections, ice, rest, and physical therapy. Taping and a brace to stabilize the kneecap also can be helpful.

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Is PFPS permanent?
 
The good news is that although PFPS can be uncomfortable, usually it is only a short term nuisance and inconvenience. It also generally does not lead to arthritis or any other joint condition.

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