This is a test of the integrity of the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes. It is performed in the radiology department after cessation of menses but before ovulation (days seven to 12 of the cycle.)

A small tube or a small balloon is inserted into the opening of the uterus and a clear radiographic fluid is injected into the uterus. The passage of the fluid into the uterine cavity and the fallopian tubes is monitored by fluoroscopy (live X-ray). The test may reveal abnormalities of the uterine cavity (e.g. deformity, fibroids, polyps, or scar tissue) and the tubes (e.g. blockage). The test does not require anesthesia. The patient is asked to take ibuprufen or naproxen one hour prior to the test to reduce cramping. The test lasts approximately five minutes. Discomfort usually consists of menstrual-like cramps for 30 to 60 seconds.

Antibiotics are routinely given before and after the test. The test, especially if revealing normal fallopian tubes, may enhance the chance of conception in the following three months.