Laparotomy is abdominal surgery involving a large incision (2-6 inches). It is similar to a C-section. Only a limited number of reproductive surgical procedures are performed nowadays by laparotomy. Common infertility surgeries that require larger exposure of the reproductive system (hence larger incisions) include removal of fibroid tumors (myomectomy), reversal of tubal ligation, some cases of severe endometriosis and scar tissue, and ruptured ectopic (tubal) pregnancies. Most reproductive surgeries can be otherwise performed on an outpatient basis through small incisions (laparoscopy).

Most laparotomies involve a transverse (side-to-side) incision in the lower abdomen. In the event a larger exposure is needed, a vertical (up-and-down) incision is performed. Most laparotomies are followed by a hospital stay of 1-4 days and recovery period of 2-6 weeks. The risks of laparotomy are bleeding, infection, injury, or anesthesia complications. The decision to performed a laparotomy vs. a laparoscopy depends on the type of problem encountered and the surgeon’s experience.